Users:Structural Optimization/Design Variables/Nodal Thickness

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(Example of a Complete Input Block)
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=== Short Info ===
 
=== Short Info ===
With this design variable, the nodal thickness can be optimized. This is especially usefull in combination with SHELL elements, which are able to take variable thicknesses into account.   
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With this design variable, the nodal thickness can be optimized. This is especially usefull in combination with SHELL8 elements since these elements can have a non-constant thickness based on the nodal thicknesses.   
  
The thickness at each node can be initialized by  . Alternatively, the initial thickness is computed as the mean thickness of the surrounding elements.
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The thickness at each node can be initialized in the input file. Alternatively, the initial thickness is computed as the mean thickness of the surrounding elements.
  
 
=== Parameters in the Input File ===
 
=== Parameters in the Input File ===
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!Description
 
!Description
 
|-
 
|-
!MATERIAL
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!TYPE
|EL-MAT ''int''
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|NODE ''ID'', ND-SET ''ID''
|Linking to a material input block
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|Linking to previously defined nodes or node sets
 
|-
 
|-
!INT_TYPE_HEXA
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!SUBTYPE
|FULL, REDUCED
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|THICKNESS
|Control of integration type <br>
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|To obtain the desired design variable
20-noded elements are able to perform a uniform reduced integration (2x2x2 instead of 3x3x3) without hourglassing stabilisation
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;"| Optional Parameters
 
|colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;"| Optional Parameters
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!Description
 
!Description
 
|-
 
|-
!EAS
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!BOUND
|''int''
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|OPT-BOUND ''ID''
|Flag Enhances Assumed Strains (EAS) method <br>
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|Linking to a bound defined in BOUND block.
Possible values are:  
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Remark: only SCALAR_BOUND is valid.
* 0*  = EAS off
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* 9  = full and locking free linear strains can be described (recommended for one axial bending)
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* 15 = ellimination of parasitic bi-linear strains
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* 24 = full and locking free bi-linear strains can be described (recommended for two axial bending)
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* 30 = full tri-linear strains can be described
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|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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=== Example of a Complete Input Block ===
 
=== Example of a Complete Input Block ===
  
This design variable can be defined for one node of for a nodal set. Since the thickness has generally an obvious limit, it is good practice to add a bound. Since this is a scalar design variable, only SCALAR_BOUND is appropriate.
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This design variable can be defined for one node of for a nodal set. It is good practice to add a bound to the thickness design variables to avoid unrealistic values. In general, it is obvious to choose an upper and lower limit. Since the thickness is a scalar design variable, only SCALAR_BOUND is appropriate.
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
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=== Model description ===
 
=== Model description ===
blabla mit bildern
 
<gallery caption="" widths="350px" heights="350px" perrow="2">
 
File:Cantilever_locking.JPG | HEXA8
 
File:Cantilever_lockingfree.JPG | HEXA8EAS9
 
</gallery>
 
  
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This example considers the thickness optimization of the Kresge auditorium. In a first step, the shape of the auditorium was optimized for minimal strain energy under dead load (cfr. PhD M. Firl) with constant thickness. The resulting shape is presented in the figure. In a second step, the thickness of the optimized shape is optimized. Strain energy under dead load is again used as the objective function. The design variables are the thicknesses at every node, constrained between 0.10 and 0.03 m. The shape of the shell is fixed.
  
=== Input File ===
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                                                                  [[File:shape.jpg |400px]]
  
bla
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=== Results ===
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In the figures, the thickness distribution and the Von Mises stresses in the top plane are shown for 50 optimization steps starting from a constant thickness of 0.05 m. It is clear that the largest part of the shell works very efficient on membrane forces and thus the thickness can be the minimal thickness. Only the support regions are subjected to bending, so the stresses can be reduced significantly by increasing the thickness to the maximal thickness. 
  
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[[File:MIT_objSE_thickness.gif| Thickness]]
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[[File:MIT_objSE_vmtop.gif | Von Mises top]]
  
=== Documented Results ===
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=== Input File ===
 
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bla
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== Theory and Details ==
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bla
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== References ==
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<references/>
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to be added

Latest revision as of 09:49, 22 October 2010


Contents

General Description

Short Info

With this design variable, the nodal thickness can be optimized. This is especially usefull in combination with SHELL8 elements since these elements can have a non-constant thickness based on the nodal thicknesses.

The thickness at each node can be initialized in the input file. Alternatively, the initial thickness is computed as the mean thickness of the surrounding elements.

Parameters in the Input File

Compulsory Parameters
Parameter Values, Default(*) Description
TYPE NODE ID, ND-SET ID Linking to previously defined nodes or node sets
SUBTYPE THICKNESS To obtain the desired design variable
Optional Parameters
Parameter Values, Default(*) Description
BOUND OPT-BOUND ID Linking to a bound defined in BOUND block.

Remark: only SCALAR_BOUND is valid.


Example of a Complete Input Block

This design variable can be defined for one node of for a nodal set. It is good practice to add a bound to the thickness design variables to avoid unrealistic values. In general, it is obvious to choose an upper and lower limit. Since the thickness is a scalar design variable, only SCALAR_BOUND is appropriate.

OPT-VAR 1
 TYPE=NODE 100 SUBTYPE=THICKNESS BOUND=OPT-BOUND 1
 TYPE=ND-SET 2 SUBTYPE=THICKNESS BOUND=OPT-BOUND 1

A complete test example

Model description

This example considers the thickness optimization of the Kresge auditorium. In a first step, the shape of the auditorium was optimized for minimal strain energy under dead load (cfr. PhD M. Firl) with constant thickness. The resulting shape is presented in the figure. In a second step, the thickness of the optimized shape is optimized. Strain energy under dead load is again used as the objective function. The design variables are the thicknesses at every node, constrained between 0.10 and 0.03 m. The shape of the shell is fixed.

                                                                 Shape.jpg

Results

In the figures, the thickness distribution and the Von Mises stresses in the top plane are shown for 50 optimization steps starting from a constant thickness of 0.05 m. It is clear that the largest part of the shell works very efficient on membrane forces and thus the thickness can be the minimal thickness. Only the support regions are subjected to bending, so the stresses can be reduced significantly by increasing the thickness to the maximal thickness.

Thickness Von Mises top

Input File

to be added





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